In 1984, the city of Livorno spent $35,000 to dredge a canal in an attempt to find sculptures by Amedeo Modigliani rumored to have been dumped there back in 1909. To the city's delight, three carved heads were fished out and were appraised by experts as worth $1.5 million. But then three university students revealed they had made one of the heads as a joke, using a screwdriver and drill. They had a video to prove it. Hopes that the other two heads were genuine were dashed when local dockworker (and former art student) Angelo Froglia proved to be their creator. He said he did it "to reveal the false values of art critics and the mass media."
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